See bōtō on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bōtalausaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bōtijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "boot"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bote"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bute"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "bot"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "boot"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bote"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bute"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "bote"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "boot"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bote"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bute"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "boote"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "bōt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Boate"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "boete"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "bōte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Bote"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "bote"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Bote"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "bôte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Bote"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "bute"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "bōta"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "boete"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "boete"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "boete"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*buota"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Buße"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Bouss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "buoze"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "buoza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Buße"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Bouss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "buoze"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "buoz"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*bōtu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "bót"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "bót"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "bot"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "bōt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "bod"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "bót"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "bōta",
"word": "𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰoHd-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-, from *bʰed-, *bʰeHd- (“to improve”). Synchronically analyzed as an ō-stem nominal formation from the root *bat underlying *batiz (“better”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "*bōtō f",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bataną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bataz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "batiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "batnaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "batô"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "batōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"improvement, betterment"
],
"id": "en-bōtō-gem-pro-noun-YIwm~Hw~",
"links": [
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
],
[
"betterment",
"betterment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"recompense, atonement"
],
"id": "en-bōtō-gem-pro-noun-CNPZ2KPF",
"links": [
[
"recompense",
"recompense"
],
[
"atonement",
"atonement"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔː.tɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bōtō"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "bōtō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ぼうとう"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of ぼうとう"
],
"id": "en-bōtō-ja-romanization-iJn3gdPD",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"ぼうとう",
"ぼうとう#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bōtō"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "bōtō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ぼうとう"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of ぼうとう"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"ぼうとう",
"ぼうとう#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bōtō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bōtalausaz"
},
{
"word": "bōtijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "boot"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bote"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bute"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "bot"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "boot"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bote"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bute"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "bote"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "boot"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bote"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bute"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "boote"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "bōt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Boate"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "boete"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "bōte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Bote"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "bote"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Bote"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "bôte"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Bote"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "bute"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "bōta"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "boete"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "boete"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "boete"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*buota"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Buße"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Bouss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "buoze"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "buoza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Buße"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Bouss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "buoze"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "buoz"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*bōtu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "bót"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "bót"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "bot"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "bōt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "bod"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "bót"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "bōta",
"word": "𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰoHd-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-, from *bʰed-, *bʰeHd- (“to improve”). Synchronically analyzed as an ō-stem nominal formation from the root *bat underlying *batiz (“better”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "*bōtō f",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bataną"
},
{
"word": "bataz"
},
{
"word": "batiz"
},
{
"word": "batnaną"
},
{
"word": "batô"
},
{
"word": "batōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"improvement, betterment"
],
"links": [
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
],
[
"betterment",
"betterment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"recompense, atonement"
],
"links": [
[
"recompense",
"recompense"
],
[
"atonement",
"atonement"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔː.tɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bōtō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bōtō meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.